Everything you want to know
ABOUT OUR WORLD
Earth - the only planet known to have oxygen in it's atmosphere, oceans of water on it's surface and the main thing - life.
How did it all start?
Everything started 13,8 000 000 000 years ago (very long time ago). Every matter has been pushed into one small point and it exploded. It was a huge explosion, that's why we call it The Big Bang Theory - that's how the whole universe was born.
After Big Bang, protons, neotrons and electrons were formed. First elements in universe were Hydrogen and Helium (they didn't have any electrons at first). They were just flying around space in the form of molecular clouds, but after a very long time, they were mashed together because of gravity and that's how first stars formed.
Some stars were made, some stars died. Because of that, new elements, supernovas, black holes and other molecular clouds were made. Stars and other things were mashed together again and first galaxies were formed.
4,6 000 000 000 years ago, another special star was formed. Why is it so special? It's our Sun. It was also made from a molecular cloud, which was shrunked because of gravity and then it exploded into "Protoplanetary disk". In it's center was our Sun and around it, there was some remaining mass. After a long time, this mass was forming together into stones, then into larger stones and then into planets. That's how our home planet, Earth, was formed.
In the middle of Earth's formation, a planet called "Theia" crashed into our Earth and small pieces from it were broken. By the time, these pieces were forming together and that was the birth of our Moon. It's possible that because of this crash, Earth's axis was disrupted and this is the reason why we have seasons.
But the Earth wasn't very nice place to live at. There was lava, high temperatures and poisonous gases everywhere. Heavy elements like Iron and Nickel sinked and formed the core of the Earth, which caused the formation of magnetic field around the Earth.
Earth was cooling after a long time and the water got on the surface. At first, Earth was just a big blue planet and there was water everywhere, but volcanic eruptions made islands.
And then, the first life formed - it was bacteria and it lived in the water. They started to produce oxygen by photosynthesis.
After a long time, Earth's atmosphere was full of oxygen and even Ozone layer was formed, which was protecting Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The life wasn't just in water now, it was on surface too. First plants were growing and animals were adapting to it. They could walk on the surface, but their eggs had to be in the water. Today, we call it amphibians.
By the evolution, eggs didn't have to be in the water anymore and they could be on the surface. After a long time, dinosaurs were walking around all the planet and they eventually died.
Then, mammal era came. They were formed from small group of animals to huge animals like elephants, that we know today. And monkeys are part of them. By the evolution, monkeys that were banished from their groups of monkeys, had to adapt because of Earth's conditions and that's the reason we are here today.
Basic information about Earth
• Earth has a diameter roughly of 13,000 kilometers (8,000 miles)
• EARTH IS NOT FLAT
• It's not perfectly round either (squashed at its poles and swollen at its equator)
• Earth was formed around 4 540 000 000 years ago (not the exact number)
• It's third planet from our Sun in our Solar system (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
• Around 71% of Earth's surface is covered in water
• It takes Earth 23,934 hours to complete rotation on its axis
• It takes Earth 365,26 days to complete rotation around Sun
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I grabbed information from these sources:
https://www.space.com/54-earth-history-composition-and-atmosphere.html